Thousands of wealthy Nigerians who used Caribbean golden passports as a route to Europe face uncertainty after the European Union ordered five Caribbean nations to scrap their citizenship-by-investment programmes by 2028. The EU's warning to Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Saint Lucia threatens a popular escape route for Nigerians frustrated by high Schengen visa refusal rates and delays. Nigeria recorded a 47.8 percent Schengen visa rejection rate, with applicants losing an estimated €4.5 million in non-refundable fees in 2025 alone. Many had opted to pay a minimum of $235,000 for Caribbean citizenship that guarantees visa-free access to Europe.
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